Combined Stresses - Strength of Material civil engineering

 Combined Stresses - Strength of Material

CIVIL ENGINEERING QUESTIONS

Previous year civil engineering questions related to strength of material (SOM) subject topic Combined Stresses asked in UPSC ESE examination. 

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Combined Stresses

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Bending Stress in Beam Questions - Strength of Material - civil engineering

 Bending stress in Beam - Strength of Material

CIVIL ENGINEERING QUESTIONS

Previous year civil engineering questions related to strength of material (SOM) subject topic Bending stress in Beam asked in UPSC ESE examination. 

Section Modulus of Important section

section modulus of rectangular,solid circular, hollow circular and triangular section

Parallel Axis theorem

Parallel Axis theorem

Perpendicular Axis theorem

Perpendicular Axis theorem

Flexural Formula

Flexural formula for Bending stress in beam

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Shear stress in beam Questions - Strength of Material civil engineering

 Shear stress in Beam - Strength of Material

CIVIL ENGINEERING QUESTIONS

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Previous year civil engineering questions related to strength of material (SOM) subject topic shear stress in Beam asked in UPSC ESE examination. 

Shear Force per unit length = `H/x` = `(VAy)/I`

Shear stress at the level y from N.A. = q = `(VAy)/Ib`

Shear stress in Rectangular beam

Shear stress in rectangular beam

Shear stress in I section

shear stress in I section

Shear stress in circular section

shear stress in circular section

Shear stress in triangular section

Shear stress in triangular section

Shear stress in Quadrilateral section about diagonal

Shear stress in Quadrilateral section about diagonal

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Torsion of circular shaft Question-Answer Strength of Material

 Torsion of circular shaft - Strength of Material

CIVIL ENGINEERING QUESTIONS

Previous year civil engineering questions related to strength of material (SOM) subject topic torsion of circular shaft asked in UPSC ESE examination. 

HINTS 

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ESE Qustions Columns - Strength of Material

 COLUMN - STRENGTH OF MATERIAL

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CIVIL ENGINEERING QUESTIONS

Previous year civil engineering questions related to strength of material (SOM) subject topic columns asked in UPSC ESE examination. 

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Kn-OE25qNawxv97w2K29IRAc7fYcXJdT/view

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How to calculate the volume of sand , aggregate and cement in 1m^3 of concrete? Take M-20 concrete : Question-Answer

Question

How to calculate the volume of sand , aggregate and cement in 1m^3 of concrete? Take M-20 concrete

Answer

Example M-20 mix design (1:2:3) if we are given 1 m^3 concrete

First we add up 1+2+3=6

Means
1 cement
2 sand
3 aggregate   

To calculate the the volume of sand
  
       1 * 2/6= 2/6 m^3 =0.33m^3

To calculate the volume of aggregate (gravel)

       1 * 3/6 = 0.5m^3

To calculate the volume of cement

          1 * 1/6 = 0.167m^3

To calculate cement in piece

1 bag of cement is 0.036m^3  so divide the quantity of cement with a bag of cement

Bag of cement = 0.167 / 0.036 = 4.6

So we use 5 bag of cement

We consider dry volume not wet volume

To convert dry volume to wet volume we multiply it by 1.54

Wet volume =1.54 dry volume

10% shrinkage
44% wastage

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 Question-Answer

The distance between successive vehicles moving in the same line measured from head at any instance is

• (a) the space headway
  
• (b) the time headway
• (c) the one-way stream
  
• (d) the head-way stream

(A)

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The roads which are provided with a hard pavement course having at least a water bound macadam (WBM) layer are classified as

• (a) Paved roads
  
• (b) Unpaved roads
• (c) Surface roads
  
• (d) Unsurfaced roads

(A)

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The planning surveys about engineering studies consists of

• (a) Income per capita
  
• (b) Living standard
• (c) Traffic volume
  
• (d) Road location and alignment studies

(D)

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A cipolletti weir has length of 2.0 m and head over the weir is 1 m. What is the discharge over the weir? (Take C_d = 0.62)

• (a) 10.35 m3/s
  
• (b) 3.66 m3/s
• (c) 45.21 m3/s
  
• (d) 75.68 m3/s

(B)
Q = 2 /3 C_d (2g)^1/2 H^3\2

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Which one of the following is an advantage using a triangular notch over a rectangular notch?

• (a) Ventilation of a triangular notch is necessary
  
• (b) The same triangular notch cannot measure a wide range of flows accurately
  
• (c) For heavy discharges, a triangular notch gives more accurate results than a rectangular notch.
  
• (d) In a given triangular notch, only one reading is required to be taken for the measurement of discharge

(D)
A triangular notch is preferred to a rectangular notch due to following reasons:
1. The expression for discharge for a right angled V-notch is very simple.
2. For measuring low discharge, a triangular notch gives more accurate results than
a rectangular notch.
3. In case of triangular notch, only one reading, i.e., H is required for the computation
of discharge.
4. Ventilation of triangular notch is not necessary.

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Question-Answer Plate bearing test,highway constructionwork,and cant

Which one of the following tests is carried out using a relatively large diameter plate to evaluate the load supporting capacity of pavement layers?

• (a) California bearing ratio test
• (b)California resistance value test
  
• (c) Triaxial compression test
  
• (d) Plate bearing test

(D)

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Consider the following aspects of human vision which are important for a traffic engineer:
1. Field of vision
2. Visual acuity
3. Colour perception

Which of the above aspects are correct?

• (a) 1 and 2 only
  
• (b) 2 and 3 only
  
• (c) 1 and 3 only
  
• (d) 1, 2 and 3

(D)

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The survey of the highway construction work for preparation of longitudinal and cross sections, computations of earth work quantities; and other construction material and checking details of geometric design elements is carried out in

• (a) Reconnaissance survey
  
• (b) Preliminary survey
  
• (c) Location of final alignment
  
• (d) Detailed survey

(B)

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The raising of outer rail over inner rail is called

• (a) Cant deficiency 
• (b) Cant
• (c) Capacity of the track
  
• (d) Center bound sleepers
  

(B)

Super elevation or cant –
Outer rail raised with respect to inner rail in order to generate centripetal force against
centrifugal force which occurs outward in horizontal plane from CG of vehicle.

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QUESTION-ANSWER - CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS MAXIMUM UTILITY PER UNIT LENGTH AND TUNNELING

Question-Answer

The longitudinal joints in cement concrete pavements are constructed with suitable

• (a) tie bars
  
• (b) torsion rods
  
• (c) small spacing
  
• (d) shear rods

(A)

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In which one of the following systems the optimum road length is calculated for an area based on the concept of obtaining maximum utility per unit length of road?

• (a) Saturation system
  
• (b) Unsaturated system
  
• (c) Minimum utility system
  
• (d) Average utility system

(A)

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Which one of the following alignments is obtained by development accompanied by tunneling?

• (a) Valley alignment
  
• (b) Cross country alignment
  
• (c) Mountain alignment
  
• (d) Zig-zag alignment

(C)

The alignment of a tunnel constructed as part of a development project would depend on various factors, such as the topography of the area, the geological conditions, and the tunnel's purpose. A zig-zag alignment would not typically be used in tunnel construction, as it would increase construction costs and complexity without providing significant benefits. A "Mountain Alignment" typically refers to a tunnel alignment that follows the contour of a mountain or hill. This type of alignment is often used when a tunnel is needed to bypass a mountainous area or provide access to resources within a mountain. However, it is important to note that the alignment chosen for a tunneling project would depend on a wide range of factors, such as the area's geology, the presence of other infrastructure, and the project's specific needs.

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SAFE STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE AND ECONOMIC DESIGN OF MODERN TRACK

Question-Answer

The design speed for a two-way traffic on a two way lane road is 50 kmph. What is the value of safe stopping sight distance, if co-efficient of friction is 0.37 and reaction time of driver as 2.5 sec?

• (a) 34.8 m
  
• (b) 61.4 m
  
• c) 122.8 m
  
• (d) 193.5 m
  

(B) 61.4 m
SSD = 0.278V.t + V²/254f
SSD = 0.278 × 50 × 2.5 × 50²/(254 × .37)
SSD = 61.4m

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Consider the following statements related to economic design of modern track:

1. Axle loading, possible weight reduction of the rolling stock and increase in number of axles should be rationalized.

2. Rail to sleeper fastenings for different type of sleepers at high speeds should have definite standards.

3. The weight of the sleeper and the rail may not be related to each other. Which of the above statements are correct?

• (a) 1 and 2 only
  
• (b) 2 and 3 only
  
• (c) 1 and 3 only
  
• (d) 1, 2 and 3

(A)
A modern track has to be rationalized in view of the following to achieve over-all economy on Indian Railways.

• i. Rail requirements, like quality of steel, design of rail-section and manufacturing process, should be rationalized so that the rail section can sustain the expected stresses due to rolling loads.
  
• ii. Wheel diameter in relation to qualities of rail steel and steel of the wheel tyre should also be rationalized so as to keep Hertzian stresses within the endurance limits of the steel.
  
• iii. Axle loading, possible weight reduction of the rolling stock and increase in number of axles should be rationalized. iv. Rail-to-sleeper fastenings i.e., elastic fastenings for different types of sleepers at high speeds should have definite standards. v. The weight of the sleeper and the rail should be correctly related to each other

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Low-altitude aerial photographs, Length of Curve and Long cord

In multilevel classification system, Level IV classification is suitable for

• (a) Landsat MSS images
  
• (b) High-altitude aerial photographs
• (c) Low-altitude aerial photographs
  
• (d) Medium-altitude aerial photographs
  

(C) LOW-ALTITUDE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH

LEVEL	SYSTEM	IMAGE SCALE
I	Landsat TM and MSS images; AVHRR images	Smaller than 1:250,000
II	High-altitude aerial photographs; TM  and SPOT images AVHRR images (with ancilliary data)	1:80,000 to 1:250, 000
III	Medium-altitude aerial photographs	1:20,000 to 1:80, 000
IV	Low-altitude aerial photographs	Larger than 1:20,000

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Directions for the following  (02) items:

Read the following information and answer the two items that follow:The chainage of the intersection point of two straights is 1060 m, and the angle of intersection is 120°.  If radius of a circular curve to be set out is 570 m, and peg interval Is 30 m.

What is the length of the curve?

• (a) 190π m
  
• (b) 185π m
• (c) 180π m
• (d) 170π m
  

(A) 190π m
Length of curve = Angle subtended at O × Radius
L = π/3 × 570 = = 190π m

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What is the length of the long chord?

• (a) 370 m
  
• (b) 470 m
• (c) 670 m
• (d) 570 m
  

(D) 570 m
Length of long chord = AB  =2Rsin (∆/2) = 2Rsin (60/2) =2Rsin (30)
2×R×1/2   = 2×570×1/2= 570m

 

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Question-Answer:

In Map versus Aerial photograph, due to symbolic representation the clarity of details is

• (a) less on map than on a photo
  
• (b) more on map than on a photo
  
• (c) less on a photo than on map
  
• (d) more on a photo than on map

Ans. (b)

Differences between Map and Aerial Photograph,
1. The map is an orthographic projection, whereas an aerial photograph is a central projection, i.e. perspective projection.
2. The map has a single constant scale, whereas it varies from point to point depending upon their elevations in an aerial photograph. In the case of the photograph, the terrain area which has higher elevation is closer to the camera and therefore appears larger than the terrains area laying at a lower elevation.
3. The number of details on a map are selective whereas in a aerial photograph there is a large number of details.
4. Due to the symbolic representation, the clarity of details is more on the maps than on photo.

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Other Important Topic Related to Surveying in Civil engineering

https://civilengineersdoubt.blogspot.com/2021/03/survey-civil-engineering.html

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Question-Answer:

The levelling is carried out between two stations P and Q separated by 1000 m. The Back Sight (BS) reading is noted as 0.70 m on station P, whose BM is 240.00 m. Next, the Fore Sight (FS) reading is taken on an intermediate point and the value is 1.25 m. Then the instrument is shifted to a new location and BS is taken on intermediate point as 0.85 m. Finally, the FS reading is taken on station Q as 1.10 m. What is the Reduced Level of Q?

• (a) 239.20 m
  
• (b) 240.80 m
  
• (c) 241.25 m
  
• (d) 241.80 m

Ans. (a)

so R.L. of Q

POINTS	BS	FS	HI	RL
P	.7		240.7	240
INTERMEDIATE	.85	1.25	240.3	239.45
Q		1.1		239.2

239.20m

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Question-Answer:

A line AB between the stations A and B was measured as 348.28 m using a 20 m tape, too short by 0.05 m. What is the correct length of line AB?

• (a) 349.15 m
  
• (b) 348.41 m
  
• (c) 347.41 m
  
• (d) 346.15 m

Ans. (c)

giver
Designated length of tape L = 20m Incorrect length of tape,L' = 20 - .05 = 19.95 Measured length of line AB l' = 248.28 m
Let, True length of AB = l As we know, l×L = L'×l' = 20 × l = 248.28 × 19.95 = 347.41

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Question-Answer:

Which one of the following consists of horizontal and vertical location of certain points by linear and angular measurements and is made to determine the natural features of a country?

• (a) Cadastral survey
  
• (b) Topographical survey
  
• (c) Astronomical survey
  
• (d) Military survey

Ans. (b)

1
Topographical survey consists of horizontal and vertical location of certain points by linear and angular measurement and is made to determine the natural features of a country such as rivers, streams, lakes hills etc. and artificial features as roads, railways, canals, towns and villages.

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Which one statements is NOT correct - Trigonometric leveling used in geodetic surveying

Question-Answer:

Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?

• (a) Trigonometric levelling has never been used in geodetic surveys
  
• (b) The differences in elevation are determined indirectly by trigonometric levelling
  
• (c) The electronic distance measurement devices can be used for measuring the vertical distances
  
• (d) The combined effects of curvature and refraction produce vertical readings that are slightly too short

Ans. (a)

1
Trigonometric leveling is used in geodetic surveying, particularly in areas where traditional leveling methods are not feasible or practical, such as in mountainous regions or areas with dense vegetation.

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Dip fault is a fault plane parallel to the dip of beds

Question-Answer:

 Dip fault is a fault plane

• (a) parallel to the dip of beds
  
• (b) parallel to the strike of a bedding plane
  
• (c) diagonal to the dip of a bedding plane
  
• (d) with no relationship to the bedding plane

Ans.(a)

Dip fault runs parallel to the dip of the bed, cut across the strike of the bed.
It is a fault that runs perpendicular to the strike of the affected rocks.
i.e. parallel to the plane of the angle of dip of the rocks

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Correct statement sub-surface investigation: To establish the geological profile.To establish Hydrogeological conditions

Question-Answer:

Consider the following objectives related to the sub-surface investigation:

1. To establish the geological profile.
2. To establish Hydrogeological conditions.
3. To monitor future changes in ground conditions through instrumentation. 

Which of the above objectives are correct?

• (a) 1 and 2 only
  
• (b) 2 and 3 only
  
• (c) 1 and 3 only
  
• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. (d)

Objectives of sub-surface investigation:
1. To establish the geological profile. 2. To determine engineering properties for the various unit within the eventual ground model. 3. To establish hydrogeological conditions. 4. To monitor future changes in ground condition through instrumentation.

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Which one of the following statements is NOT correct porosity rock grains size and shape and mechanical processes

Question-Answer:

Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?

• (a) The porosity of rock depends upon size and shape of the rock grains
  
• (b) Specific gravity is useful for calculating the rock over burden stress
  
• (c) The porosity does not depend on rock mechanical processes
  
• (d) The porosity of spherical rock grains is high in case of cubic packing

Ans. (c)

1
Porosity of a rock depends upon grain size distribution, shape, the presence of cement between the grains developed to different degrees. The porosity of spherical rock grain is high is case of cubic packing.

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Question-Answer:

Which one of the following is the part of assumptions made by Terzaghi while developing the mathematical statement of the consolidation process?

• (a) The soil is non-homogeneous
  
• (b) The soil particles and water are incompressible
  
• (c) The partial deformation of soil is due to partial change in volume
  
• (d) Coefficient of permeability is variable during consolidation

Ans. (b)

• Soil is homogeneous. • Soil is fully saturated. • Solid particles are incompressible. • Compression and flow are one dimensional. • Strains in the soil are relatively small. • Darcy’s law is valid. • Coefficient of permeability and coefficient of volume compressibility remains constant.

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