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QUESTION-ANSWER - CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS MAXIMUM UTILITY PER UNIT LENGTH AND TUNNELING
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Question-Answer
The longitudinal joints in cement concrete pavements are
constructed with suitable
(a) tie bars
(b) torsion rods
(c) small spacing
(d) shear rods
(A)
In which one of the following systems the optimum road length is
calculated for an area
based on the concept of obtaining maximum utility per unit length of
road?
(a) Saturation system
(b) Unsaturated system
(c) Minimum utility system
(d) Average utility system
(A)
Which one of the following alignments is obtained by development
accompanied by tunneling?
(a) Valley alignment
(b) Cross country alignment
(c) Mountain alignment
(d) Zig-zag alignment
(C)
The alignment of a tunnel constructed as part of a development project would depend
on various factors, such as the topography of the area, the geological conditions, and
the tunnel's purpose. A zig-zag alignment would not typically be used in tunnel
construction, as it would increase construction costs and complexity without providing
significant benefits. A "Mountain Alignment" typically refers to a tunnel alignment that
follows the contour of a mountain or hill. This type of alignment is often used when a
tunnel is needed to bypass a mountainous area or provide access to resources within
a mountain. However, it is important to note that the alignment chosen for a tunneling
project would depend on a wide range of factors, such as the area's geology, the
presence of other infrastructure, and the project's specific needs.
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Your Guide to get Civil Engineering Degree in Chhattisgarh Introduction Admission Related Guide for Students who want to Study Engineering To pursue a B.Tech in Civil Engineering in Chhattisgarh, you must first complete your 12th standard with Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics. After that, you need to appear for the Chhattisgarh Pre-Engineering Test (CGPET) conducted by the Chhattisgarh Professional Examination Board (Vyapam). If you secure a good rank in the CGPET, especially under 2000, you have a high chance of getting admission to one of the three government engineering colleges in Chhattisgarh: GEC Raipur, GEC Bilaspur, or GEC Jagdalpur. You'll need to choose your preferred college during the counseling process after the CGPET results are declared. Regarding fees, government engineering colleges are relatively affordable. For general category students, the annual fee is around ₹22,000. However, students from reserved categories (SC, ST, OBC) can avail scholarships, reducing ...
Quick Revision of Bricks Building material Civil engineering Brick is one of the oldest building material used by us because of its durability, strength, reliability, low cost and easy availability etc. Contents Si ze of Bricks About Bricks Composition of good Brick Earth Classification of Bricks Manufacturing of Brick Types of Burning of Brick Types of kiln used for manufacturing of Bricks Defects in Brick Test on Bricks Special Type of Bricks As per IS 1077: 1992, clause 7.3 Type of Fire Bricks Tolerances limit of Bricks Test on Brick Ear th Quick Revision of Bricks Study SIZE OF BRICKS size composition classification About Bricks Brick breadth width depth Nominal size brick 20 cm 10 cm 10 cm Modular size brick 19 cm 9 cm 9 cm Standard size brick 19 cm 9 cm 9 cm Non standard brick or Traditional brick or Field brick or Conventional brick 23 cm 11.4 cm 7.6 cm size of frog 10 cm 4 cm ...
20 Headings Exploring the Vast Scope of Civil Engineering: Building the Foundations of Society Civil engineering stands as a cornerstone of modern society, shaping the world we live in through the design, construction, and maintenance of essential infrastructure systems. From towering skyscrapers to intricate transportation networks, from sustainable water resource management to environmentally conscious urban planning, civil engineering encompasses a vast array of disciplines and applications that collectively contribute to the advancement and well-being of humanity. 1. Infrastructure Development: At the heart of civil engineering lies infrastructure development, encompassing the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of vital systems that support human civilization. Infrastructure includes roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, airports, railways, and water supply networks, among others. These systems serve as the backbone of society, facilitating economic activity...
Stress Strain Curve for Mild Steel OA is Proportionality limit • OB is Elastic limit but OB is Non linear • The slippage of the carbon atom within a molecular mass leads to drop down of stress marginally from C to C’ • C is upper yield point • C’ is lower yield point (also known as Yield Stress f y ) • For exp Fe-250 => f y =250N/mm 2 • C’D is constant stress region called Yield Plateau DE is Strain Hardening region, material starts offering resistance against deformation • EF is Necking region where drop down of stresses occur upto Failure point • Necking region exists only in ductile material • In mild steel, ABC are closer to each other, therefore it is known as Linear Elastic Metal, and Yield stress and elastic stress is taken as 250N/mm 2 • The Fracture or Failure in mild steel depends upon Percentage of carbon present in a steel The strain at yield stress is about 0.00125 or 0.125% • CD represents plastic Yielding i.e. it is the strain which occurs after ...
Structural Steel and Metals Civil Engineering Steel Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, along with small amounts of other alloying elements or residual elements as well. The plain iron-carbon alloys (Steel) contain 0.002 - 2.1% by weight carbon. For most of the materials, it varies from 0.1-1.5%. There are 3 types of plain carbon steel: (i) Low-carbon steels: Carbon content in the range of < 0.3% (ii) Medium carbon steels: Carbon content in the range of 0.3 – 0.6%. (iii) High-carbon steels: Carbon content in the range of 0.6 – 1.4%. Properties Resistance to corrosion: Is the ability of a material that resists against reaction with caustic elements that corrode or degrade the material. Ultimate Strength: The maximum strength the material can withstand without breaking. Hardness It is defined as the resistance of a material to penetration or permanent deformation. It usually indicates resistance to abrasion, scratching, cutting or shaping. Ductility It is the abilit...
Admixtures Functions Typical compounds Application Disadvantages Accelerating admixtures or accelerators More rapid gain of strength or higher early strength. More rapid setting. Calcium chloride Calcium formate Triethanolamine (TEA) Soluble inorganic salts Sodium nitrite Sodium sulphate Sodium aluminate Sodium silicate 1. Normal rate of strength development at low temperature. 2. To counter retarding effects 3. Shorter stripping times. 4. Plugging of pressure leaks. 5. Sprayed concreting. 1. Possible cracking due to heat evolution. 2. Possibility of corrosion of embedded effects reinforcement. Retarding admixtures or retarders Delayed setting Soluble carbohydrate derivatives: starch Hydroxylated carboxylic acids, Inorganic retarders Sugars 1. Maintain workability at high temperatures. 2. Reduce rate of heat evolution...
Here's another captivating fact about civil engineering: "The Great Wall of China: A Monumental Feat of Ancient Engineering" Stretching over 13,000 miles (21,000 kilometers) across rugged terrain, the Great Wall of China stands as one of the most impressive architectural achievements in human history. Built over centuries by successive dynasties, this colossal structure is a testament to the ingenuity, determination, and craftsmanship of ancient Chinese civil engineers. Constructed primarily as a defensive fortification to protect against invasions from nomadic tribes to the north, such as the Mongols and Xiongnu, the Great Wall comprises a series of walls, fortifications, and watchtowers, strategically positioned along China's northern border. The construction of the Great Wall began as early as the 7th century BCE, during the Warring States period, and continued for over two millennia, with various dynasties adding to and reinforcing its structure. The most famous s...
