Defects in Timber - vk

Defects occurring in timber are grouped into following five divisions.

1. Defect due to Conversion

Chip mark Diagonal grain Torn grain Wane

2. Defects due to fungi

Blue stain Dry rot Brown rot Heart rot Sap stain Wet rot White rot

3. Defects due to natural forces

Burls callus Chemical stain Coarse grain Dead wood Druxiness Foxiness Knots Rind galls Shakes Twisted fibres Upsets Water stain Wind cracks

4. Defects Due to seasoning

Bow Check Cup Warp Split Twist Radial Shakes Honey combing collapse Case hardening

5. Insects that cause defects

Beetles Termites Marine borers