List of Surveying Tools and Instruments

List of tools and Instruments used in Surveying works

Compass used in Surveying

Prismatic Compass

Surveyor Compass

Trough Compass -  

• The compass used with a plane table is a trough compass in which the longer sides of the trough are parallel and flat so that either side can be used as a ruler or lid down to coincide with a straight line drawn on the paper. A trough compass is used for orienting the plane table to the magnetic north.

Plane Table - Necessary for Plane Table Surveying

• Traverse table = 750mm * 600mm
• Johnson table = 600mm * 450mm - this table is quick and accurate for leveling
• Coast Survey table
• Accuravy = coast > Jonhson > Traverse

Alidade - 

• It is Straight edge roller Provided with Sighting Device

Plain alidade

Telescope alidade - 

• used in hilly area and inclined sighting

Trough compass - 

• Used to mark the North direction

Plumbing fork or U- fork - 

• used for Centering on plane table and transferring the ground point

Bubble tube - 

• used in plane table survey for leveling purpose

Leveling Instruments

levels - provide horizontal line of sight

Dumpy Level -

• It is designed by gravatt
• Dumpy level is preferred for its rigidity, compactness and stability.
• In a dumpy level telescope can not rotate vertically and can not be remove from support
  

Wye lever or Y-lever

• telescope is held in a two vertical Y-support with a curved clip
• Telescope can be rotate vertically

Reversible Level

• In a reversible level combine feature of dumpy level and Wye level

Tilting Level

• Line of sight can be tilted about its horizontal axis without tilting vertical axis
• with the help of tilting screw

Auto Level -

• Instruments is leveled automatically within a certain tilt in the line of sight by means of self compensator device
  

Accuracy -

Auto-Level > Tilting level > Reversible level > Wye level > Dumpy level

Leveling Staff [staff is -1779]

Self reading staff

• reading appear to be inverted taken above from downward
• least count - 5mm - .01ft

1.Solid staff - 

• it is a one piece flat rod available at a 2m to 3m

2.Telescope staff -

• available length up-to 5m

• staff one piece can be slide in other S.O.P. with pattern

3.Hinged Staff / Folding Staff

• It us taken as Standard staff

• Bubble tube is provided for checking the verticle of staff at a center of two piece

Target Staff

• It is used in Tacheometry
• In a target staff separate vernier are present
• Least-count is 0.001ft

Telescope

• generally use - Keplar's Telescope
  

Theodolite

• It is universal instrument used for measuring Horizontal angle and verticle angle
• It is used for measuring Horizontal distance (indirect) and Vertical Distance,Magnetic Bearing, Deflection,Prolonging line, Direct angle,Horizontal angle and Vertical angle
  

Types of Theodolite

• Transit Theodolite

• Non transit theodolite

Types of Theodolite

Vernier theodolite

Optical theodolite

Digital theodolite

Laser theodolite

Stadia rod - Stadia rod is used in tacheometer for long distance

Direct vernier - Its n division on vernier scale denotes (n-1) division of main scale

Retrograde vernier its n division of vernier scale is equal to (n+1) division of main scale

Extended Vernier It's n division on vernier scale is equal to (2n-1)division on main scale

Double vernier - combination of two direct vernier Extended vernier Double vernier 

Total Station