Rapidly Varied Flow - Hydraulic Jump

In rapidly varied ﬂow, a sudden change in depth occurs at a particular stretch of a channel and the change from one depth to another takes place in a distance of very short length.
Hydraulic Jump is a formed when water moving at super critical velocity in a relatively shallow stream strikes water having large depth and sub critical velocity.
Applications of hydraulic jump are as energy dissipator, to mix chemicals, desalination of sea water, to aerate polluted stream, to reduce the uplift pressure.

Sequent depth or conjugate depth:

During hydraulic jump, water generates considerable disturbances in the form of eddies and reverse ﬂow rollers. Because of this jump falls shorts of attaining alternate depth (y3) and attain’s another depth (y2 < y3) called conjugate depth.

Horizontal Jump in horizontal frictionless rechtangular channel

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