Material Properties | Property | Rubber | Steel | Concrete |
| Elasticity | High - Can deform significantly under stress and return to its original shape. | Low - Does not deform much under stress and retains its shape even under significant loads. | Low - Has relatively low elasticity, but can experience some deformation under stress. |
| Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | ~1 MPa to ~100 MPa - Relatively low modulus of elasticity. | ~200 GPa to ~210 GPa - High modulus of elasticity. | ~20 GPa to ~40 GPa - Moderate modulus of elasticity. |
| Strength | Lower strength - Rubber is not as strong as steel and may deform significantly under stress but can recover its original shape when the stress is removed. | High - Steel is a strong material, capable of withstanding heavy loads and high-stress conditions. | Variable - Concrete is relatively strong in compression, making it suitable for load-bearing structures, but weaker in tension. |
| Density | Low - Less dense than steel, making it lighter and suitable for weight-sensitive applications. | Moderate - Denser than rubber, providing more mass and stability in structural uses. | Moderate - Has a moderate density. |
| Plasticity | Low - Limited plasticity, does not undergo permanent deformation easily. | Moderate - Can exhibit plastic behavior under certain conditions, allowing shaping without fracturing. | Variable - Can exhibit plasticity during curing, limited compared to metals. |
| Applications | Used in tires, seals, shock absorbers, and flexible components due to its high elasticity and vibration absorption. | Ideal for structural applications like building construction, bridges, machinery, and load-bearing structures due to its high strength and rigidity. | Widely used in construction for foundations, beams, columns, and walls due to its compressive strength and versatility. |
