Rubber vs. Concrete vs. Steel Material Properties Comparison

Material Properties Comparison: Rubber vs. Steel vs. Concrete

Material Properties

Property	Rubber	Steel	Concrete
Elasticity	High - Can deform significantly under stress and return to its original shape.	Low - Does not deform much under stress and retains its shape even under significant loads.	Low - Has relatively low elasticity, but can experience some deformation under stress.
Modulus of Elasticity (GPa)	~1 MPa to ~100 MPa - Relatively low modulus of elasticity.	~200 GPa to ~210 GPa - High modulus of elasticity.	~20 GPa to ~40 GPa - Moderate modulus of elasticity.
Strength	Lower strength - Rubber is not as strong as steel and may deform significantly under stress but can recover its original shape when the stress is removed.	High - Steel is a strong material, capable of withstanding heavy loads and high-stress conditions.	Variable - Concrete is relatively strong in compression, making it suitable for load-bearing structures, but weaker in tension.
Density	Low - Less dense than steel, making it lighter and suitable for weight-sensitive applications.	Moderate - Denser than rubber, providing more mass and stability in structural uses.	Moderate - Has a moderate density.
Plasticity	Low - Limited plasticity, does not undergo permanent deformation easily.	Moderate - Can exhibit plastic behavior under certain conditions, allowing shaping without fracturing.	Variable - Can exhibit plasticity during curing, limited compared to metals.
Applications	Used in tires, seals, shock absorbers, and flexible components due to its high elasticity and vibration absorption.	Ideal for structural applications like building construction, bridges, machinery, and load-bearing structures due to its high strength and rigidity.	Widely used in construction for foundations, beams, columns, and walls due to its compressive strength and versatility.