Moisture Contents of Soil ~ Civil Engineering Study

Field Capacity:

It is the amount of water that remains in the soil after all the excess water at saturation has been drained out.
when sandy soils are allowed to drain for approximately 24 hours after saturation, field capacity is reached.

Saturation Capacity:

It is the soil water content where all soil pores are filled with water and water readily percolates or drains out from the root zone by gravitational force.
The metric suction at this condition is almost zero and it is equal to the free water surface.

Permanent Wilting Point:

Permanent wilting point is considered as the lower limit of available soil moisture.
At this stage, water is held tightly by the soil particles that the plant roots can no longer obtain enough water to satisfy the transpiration requirements; and remain wilted unless the moisture is replenished.

Readily available moisture:

Readily available moisture is that portion of available moisture that can be most readily extracted by plants.
In general, readily available moisture is approx 75 % of the available moisture.

Available moisture:

The difference in water content of soil between field capacity and the permanent wilting point is called available moisture.

SC = Saturation capacity, FC = Field capacity, OMC = Optimum moisture content, PWP = Permanent welting point and UWP = Ultimate welting

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