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Self Purification of Stream - Environmental Engineering

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Self Purification of Stream A polluted stream undergoes self-purification Zone A – Zone of clear water Zone B – Zone of Degradation Zone C – Zone of Active decomposition Zone D – Zone of Recovery Zone E – Zone of recovery Zone Main Characteristics Zone of Clear Water (1 & 5) Clear water,  presence of fishes. 100% saturation Zone of Degradation (2) Dissolved oxygen level falls due to the decomposition of Organic Matter in this Zone. Dark and turbid water. Fishes may present Algae are absent. 40% saturation Zone of Active Decomposition (3) Zone of heavy pollution. Water is very dark and turbid Dissolved oxygen level falls to Zero. Critical Oxygen Deficient occurs. Formation of the dirty scum layer. Both fishes and algae absents 0% saturation Zone of recovery (4) Dissolved oxygen level increases and may reach to saturated value. Decomposition of organic matter takes place up to the Nitrate level. Both fishes and Algae reappear. BOD falls down. 40% saturation Purifica...
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Disposal of refuse - Environmental Engineering

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Disposal of refuse and Sewage sickness of Land Method of disposal of refuse Landfill or Burying: Landfill refers to the disposal of waste material by burying it. It is an extended storage area for non-biodegradable waste. Landfill is an area, which prevent contamination from the waste entering the area surrounding by soil and water and it also helps to reduce odor and pests Incineration:  This method involves burning of solid wastes in a furnace until the wastes are turned into ashes In this process, the combustible portion of the waste is combined with oxygen forming carbon dioxide and water, which are released into the atmosphere Incinerators are made in such a way that they do not give off extreme amounts of heat when burning solid wastes Suitable temperature and operating conditions are required to achieve for incineration It reduces the volume of waste up to 20 or 30% of the original volume This method of solid waste management can be done by individuals, municipalities and ev...
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Environmental Engineering

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Environmental Engineering for Civil Engineers Water Supply and Sewage Treatment. Water Supply Sewage Treatment water Distribution Definitions Latest Article Types Treatment unit and its Mechanism for example - trickling filter, Oxidation pond, Septic tank and its nature like aerobic or anaerobic process More Disposal of refuse. Method of disposal of refuse, process of composting, C/N ratio in composting Read More Self Purification of Stream A polluted stream undergoes self-purification, Purification of sewage in river Read More . Sewage Sickness of Land When sewage is applied continuously on a piece of land, the soil pores or voids may get filled up and clogged with sewage matter retained in them. This phenomenon of soil getting clogged is known as sewage sickness of the land. Read More Important Content The density in kg/cum (in situ) of municipal s...
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Important theories and its assumption on Soil Mechanics

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Most Important theories used in soil mechanics as engineer Boussinesq Theory   Westergaard Theory   Coulombs Theory of Earth Pressure  Terzaghi Theory Rankine Theory of Earth Pressure Boussinesq Theory: for stress strain relationship, due to a point load on surface: The Boussinesq method on Soil Mechanics uses the theory of elasticity to calculate the vertical stress under a point load in a homogeneous, semi-infinite half space its assumptions is very important for civil engineers to remember for solving many important civil engineering problems The stresses within a semi-infinite, homogeneous, isotropic mass, with a linear stress– strain relationship, due to a point load on the surface, were determined by Boussinesq in 1885 Assumptions consider on Boussinesq theory Soil is Homogeneous and Isotropic, Semi-infinite and elastic. Soil is Fully Saturated means Presence of zero air voids. Soil is Initially unstressed. Stress Distribution diagram about vertical axis ...
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Foundation Engineering

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Foundation Quick revise your imp topics for exam  Ultimate bearing capacity: It is the minimum pressure at the base of the foundation soil fails in shear. Safe bearing capacity: It is the maximum pressure at which soil can carry without shear failure. Net load intensity: It is the minimum net load at which shear failure of soil can occur. Allowable bearing capacity: The net intensity of loading which the foundation will carry without undergoing settlement in excess or the permissible value for the structure under consideration but not exceeding net safe bearing capacity is termed as allowable bearing capacity. Sheet Piles: Sheet piles are similar to retaining walls which are constructed to retain earth, water or any other filling materials. These walls are thinner in section compared to masonry walls. Sheet pile walls are generally used for water front structures, i.e. in building wharfs, quays and piers, building diversion dams, such as cofferdams, river bank protection and retain...
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